{"_fuente":{"nombre":"Laboratorio Nuclear — Módulo 10, transmutación nuclear","generado":"2026-10-10","generador":"scripts/generar-transmutacion.ps1","curvas":"IAEA medical database (recommended cross sections, calculated yields)","frenado":"NIST PSTAR y ASTAR"},"_nota":"Fuente de data/transmutacion.json (Módulo 10, 10 de octubre de 2026). Este archivo se escribe a mano; las curvas σ(E) y los rendimientos del OIEA están en oiea-*.json y el frenado del NIST en nist-star.json. scripts/generar-transmutacion.ps1 los junta. Cada cifra lleva su cita (claves de «citas»). Los textos para leer (usos, historias) NO están aquí: van en src/i18n/es-transmutacion.json y en-transmutacion.json, por la clave de cada registro.","citas":{"oiea-medico":{"texto":"IAEA Nuclear Data Section — Charged-particle cross section database for medical radioisotope production (recommended cross sections and calculated yields; F.T. Tárkányi et al., J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 319 (2019) 533; A. Hermanne et al., Nucl. Data Sheets 173 (2021) 285; Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 535 (2023) 149; Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 563 (2025) 165690)","url":"https://www-nds.iaea.org/medical/","consultado":"2026-10-10"},"oiea-monitores":{"texto":"IAEA Nuclear Data Section — Monitor reactions 2017 (A. Hermanne et al., Nucl. Data Sheets 148 (2018) 338)","url":"https://www-nds.iaea.org/medical/monitor_reactions_2017.html","consultado":"2026-10-10"},"oiea-monitores-2025":{"texto":"IAEA Nuclear Data Section — Monitor reactions 2025 (A. Hermanne et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 563 (2025) 165690): natC(p,x)11C","url":"https://www-nds.iaea.org/medical/monitor_reactions_2025.html","consultado":"2026-10-10"},"pritychenko-2012":{"texto":"B. Pritychenko, S.F. Mughabghab, «Neutron thermal cross sections, Westcott factors, resonance integrals, Maxwellian averaged cross sections and astrophysical reaction rates calculated from the ENDF/B-VII.1, JEFF-3.1.2, JENDL-4.0, ROSFOND-2010, CENDL-3.1 and EAF-2010 evaluated data libraries», Nuclear Data Sheets 113 (2012) 3120 (columna «Atlas of Neutron Resonances»)","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1208.2879","consultado":"2026-10-10"},"nist-pstar":{"texto":"NIST PSTAR — Stopping-power and range tables for protons (M.J. Berger, J.S. Coursey, M.A. Zucker, J. Chang)","url":"https://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/Star/Text/PSTAR.html","consultado":"2026-10-10"},"nist-astar":{"texto":"NIST ASTAR — Stopping-power and range tables for helium ions","url":"https://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/Star/Text/ASTAR.html","consultado":"2026-10-10"},"nubase-ensdf":{"texto":"NNDC NuDat 3 (ENSDF): periodos, ramas de desintegración y energías de excitación de los estados isoméricos","url":"https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat3/","consultado":"2026-10-10"},"iba-c18":{"texto":"Hoja de datos del ciclotrón IBA Cyclone 18/9 en Cyclotrons 2004 (campo medio 1,35 T, 42 MHz, 32 kV en las des, radio de extracción 0,48 m, 18 MeV p / 9 MeV d)","url":"https://epaper.kek.jp/c04/data/CdataTest/PDFs/CM06.pdf","consultado":"2026-10-10"},"aps-lawrence":{"texto":"APS Physics Focus, «Landmarks: The Cyclotron» (Phys. Rev. 40, 19, 1932: protones de 1,22 MeV con 4000 V en las des y más de 300 vueltas)","url":"https://physics.aps.org/story/v13/st17","consultado":"2026-10-10"},"lbl-11pulgadas":{"texto":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, «A cyclotron\u0027s long journey home» (el ciclotrón de 11 pulgadas, 1,22 MeV, enero de 1932)","url":"https://newscenter.lbl.gov/2013/11/19/a-cyclotrons-long-journey-home/","consultado":"2026-10-10"},"fdg-saturacion":{"texto":"Rendimiento de saturación experimental de referencia del OIEA para ¹⁸F en agua enriquecida a 18 MeV: 10,74 GBq/µA (citado en Cyclotrons 2007, AccelConf c07/251)","url":"https://accelconf.web.cern.ch/c07/PAPERS/251.PDF","consultado":"2026-10-10"},"ian-r1":{"texto":"Servicio Geológico Colombiano: flujo térmico del reactor IAN-R1 a 30 kW, posiciones G3–G4, φ = 2,1 × 10¹¹ cm⁻² s⁻¹ (método de los tres monitores, 2018)","url":"https://revistas.sgc.gov.co/index.php/invapnuclear/article/download/25/12/21","consultado":"2026-10-10"},"oiea-mo99-n":{"texto":"IAEA medical database, 98Mo(n,γ)99Mo: rendimientos calculados para neutrones térmicos de 1 × 10¹⁴ n cm⁻² s⁻¹ (flujo de referencia de un reactor de producción)","url":"https://www-nds.iaea.org/medical/mon99mo0.html","consultado":"2026-10-10"},"rutherford-1919":{"texto":"E. Rutherford, «Collision of α particles with light atoms. IV. An anomalous effect in nitrogen», Philosophical Magazine 37 (1919) 581","url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14786440608635919"},"blackett-1925":{"texto":"P.M.S. Blackett, «The ejection of protons from nitrogen nuclei, photographed by the Wilson method», Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 107 (1925) 349; en su conferencia Nobel (1948): unas 23 000 fotografías, más de 400 000 trazas de alfas y ocho bifurcadas","url":"https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/blackett-lecture.pdf"},"cockcroft-1932":{"texto":"J.D. Cockcroft, E.T.S. Walton, «Disintegration of lithium by swift protons», Nature 129 (1932) 649","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/129649a0"},"joliot-1934":{"texto":"F. Joliot, I. Curie, «Artificial production of a new kind of radio-element», Nature 133 (1934) 201","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/133201a0"},"segre-1937":{"texto":"C. Perrier, E. Segrè, «Some chemical properties of element 43», J. Chem. Phys. 5 (1937) 712 (lámina de molibdeno del ciclotrón de Berkeley bombardeada con deuterones)","url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1750105"},"sherr-1941":{"texto":"R. Sherr, K.T. Bainbridge, H.H. Anderson, «Transmutation of mercury by fast neutrons», Phys. Rev. 60 (1941) 473 (neutrones rápidos de Li + d del ciclotrón de Harvard)","url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.60.473"},"seaborg-1981":{"texto":"K. Aleklett et al., «Energy dependence of ²⁰⁹Bi fragmentation in relativistic nuclear collisions», Phys. Rev. C 23 (1981) 1044 (bismuto convertido en oro en el Bevalac de Berkeley, 1980)","url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.23.1044"},"alice-2025":{"texto":"ALICE Collaboration, «Proton emission in ultraperipheral Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV», Phys. Rev. C 111 (2025) 054906; CERN, «ALICE detects the conversion of lead into gold at the LHC» (8 de mayo de 2025): unos 86 000 millones de núcleos de oro en el Run 2, 29 pg","url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.111.054906"},"codata-2022":{"texto":"CODATA 2022 (NIST): masas del protón, del neutrón y del electrón; 1 u = 931,49410372 MeV/c²","url":"https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/"},"ame-oiea":{"texto":"Masas atómicas de AME (vía OIEA Live Chart, data/nuclidos.json del sitio)","url":"https://www-nds.iaea.org/relnsd/vcharthtml/VChartHTML.html"},"nist-densidad":{"texto":"Densidades de los materiales tabulados en PSTAR/ASTAR (NIST, Material composition data)","url":"https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Star/compos.pl"},"manual-densidad":{"texto":"Densidad de manual del elemento o compuesto (CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics); valor redondeado, solo para pasar de mg/cm² a milímetros","url":"https://hbcp.chemnetbase.com/"}},"proyectiles":{"p":{"Z":1,"A":1,"simbolo":"p","acelerable":true,"ionMedico":"H-","masaNuclido":[1,0]},"d":{"Z":1,"A":2,"simbolo":"d","acelerable":true,"ionMedico":"D-","masaNuclido":[1,1]},"a":{"Z":2,"A":4,"simbolo":"α","acelerable":true,"ionMedico":null,"masaNuclido":[2,2]},"n":{"Z":0,"A":1,"simbolo":"n","acelerable":false,"motivo":"sinCarga","irradiacion":"reactor"},"g":{"Z":0,"A":0,"simbolo":"γ","acelerable":false,"motivo":"foton"},"e":{"Z":-1,"A":0,"simbolo":"e⁻","acelerable":false,"motivo":"electron"}},"_notaIones":"Masa de cada ion = masa atómica del núclido (AME) − q·mₑ, despreciando la energía de enlace de los electrones (unos eV). H⁻: un protón con dos electrones (q = −1). D⁻: un deuterón con dos electrones. He²⁺: el núcleo de helio desnudo (la partícula alfa).","iones":{"H-":{"proyectil":"p","q":-1,"nuclido":[1,0],"extraccion":"lamina"},"H+":{"proyectil":"p","q":1,"nuclido":[1,0],"extraccion":"deflector"},"D-":{"proyectil":"d","q":-1,"nuclido":[1,1],"extraccion":"lamina"},"D+":{"proyectil":"d","q":1,"nuclido":[1,1],"extraccion":"deflector"},"He2+":{"proyectil":"a","q":2,"nuclido":[2,2],"extraccion":"deflector"}},"_notaMaquinas":"El dibujo es un ciclotrón CLÁSICO de dos «des» de 180° en el primer armónico (h = 1): la frecuencia de la radiofrecuencia es la del giro del ion, f = |q|B/(2πγm). Las máquinas médicas reales tienen cuatro sectores, des de unos 30° y trabajan en armónicos (el IBA Cyclone 18/9: 42 MHz, segundo armónico para H⁻ y cuarto para D⁻); la energía final y el radio salen iguales, porque solo dependen de B, del radio y del ion. Las cifras de la máquina están en sus citas; las de los genéricos son coherentes con la física pero ilustrativas.","maquinas":[{"id":"pet18","iones":["H-","D-"],"B":1.35,"V":32,"rPolo":0.5,"Emax":{"p":18,"d":9},"Emin":{"p":3,"d":3},"corrienteMax":{"p":150,"d":50},"cita":"iba-c18","calidad":"evaluado"},{"id":"prod30","iones":["H-","D-"],"B":1.3,"V":50,"rPolo":0.7,"Emax":{"p":30,"d":15},"Emin":{"p":15,"d":8},"corrienteMax":{"p":300,"d":50},"cita":null,"calidad":"ilustrativo"},{"id":"k30","iones":["H+","D+","He2+"],"B":1.6,"V":60,"rPolo":0.55,"K":30,"Emax":{"p":30,"d":15,"a":30},"Emin":{"p":5,"d":4,"a":5},"corrienteMax":{"p":60,"d":60,"a":50},"cita":null,"calidad":"ilustrativo"},{"id":"lawrence","iones":["H+"],"B":1.3,"V":4,"fase":90,"isocrono":false,"_notaFase":"1.8 beta (revisión física del 10 de octubre de 2026): campo UNIFORME, como el imán de 1932, y cruce en la cresta (90°). 1,22 MeV / 4 kV = 305 cruces del hueco, unas 150 vueltas (Phys. Rev. 40, 19: la energía final es la tensión por el número de cruces). Hasta la 1.7 beta iba isócrona con una fase de 30° sin fuente, para que salieran «más de 300 vueltas» leyendo así a la APS, que en realidad cuenta cruces.","rPolo":0.13,"Emax":{"p":1.22},"Emin":{"p":0.2},"corrienteMax":{"p":0.001},"cita":"aps-lawrence","calidad":"historico"}],"_notaFormas":"Forma química del blanco: cuántos átomos de cada elemento acompañan a UN átomo del elemento que se transmuta. El frenado del compuesto se suma átomo a átomo (regla de Bragg) con las tablas del NIST; el agua usa directamente la tabla del agua líquida del NIST.","formas":{"elemento":{"atomos":[]},"gas":{"atomos":[],"gas":true},"agua":{"atomos":[{"Z":1,"n":2}],"tablaAgua":true},"oxido2":{"atomos":[{"Z":8,"n":2}]},"oxido1":{"atomos":[{"Z":8,"n":1}]},"carbonato":{"atomos":[{"Z":6,"n":1},{"Z":8,"n":3}]},"cloruro2":{"atomos":[{"Z":17,"n":2}]},"cloruro1":{"atomos":[{"Z":17,"n":1}]}},"densidades":{"_nota":"g/cm³; solo para enseñar el espesor en milímetros. Gases a 1 atm y 20 °C.","agua":{"valor":1.0,"cita":"nist-densidad"},"Al":{"valor":2.699,"cita":"nist-densidad"},"Ti":{"valor":4.54,"cita":"nist-densidad"},"Cu":{"valor":8.96,"cita":"nist-densidad"},"Mo":{"valor":10.22,"cita":"nist-densidad"},"Pt":{"valor":21.45,"cita":"nist-densidad"},"Au":{"valor":19.32,"cita":"nist-densidad"},"Pb":{"valor":11.35,"cita":"nist-densidad"},"W":{"valor":19.3,"cita":"nist-densidad"},"Ni":{"valor":8.91,"cita":"manual-densidad"},"Zn":{"valor":7.14,"cita":"manual-densidad"},"Ga":{"valor":5.91,"cita":"manual-densidad"},"Y":{"valor":4.47,"cita":"manual-densidad"},"Rh":{"valor":12.41,"cita":"manual-densidad"},"Cd":{"valor":8.65,"cita":"manual-densidad"},"Te":{"valor":6.24,"cita":"manual-densidad"},"TeO2":{"valor":5.67,"cita":"manual-densidad"},"Tl":{"valor":11.85,"cita":"manual-densidad"},"Bi":{"valor":9.78,"cita":"manual-densidad"},"Hg":{"valor":13.53,"cita":"manual-densidad"},"Ca":{"valor":1.55,"cita":"manual-densidad"},"CaCO3":{"valor":2.71,"cita":"manual-densidad"},"SrCO3":{"valor":3.5,"cita":"manual-densidad"},"Rb":{"valor":1.53,"cita":"manual-densidad"},"RaCl2":{"valor":4.9,"cita":"manual-densidad"},"Li":{"valor":0.534,"cita":"manual-densidad"}},"_notaReacciones":"Una reacción del catálogo es un par blanco–proyectil con su canal y su producto, como los da el OIEA. «oiea» es la clave de su curva σ(E) y de su rendimiento en oiea-*.json. «principal» es el núclido del blanco natural que da casi todo el producto, para dibujar el balance de Z y A. «formaOIEA» es la forma en la que el OIEA calcula el rendimiento; «formaHabitual», la del blanco de verdad. Nada de esto inventa un canal: si un par blanco–proyectil no está aquí, la página solo hace la cuenta de conservación y del Q, y lo dice.","reacciones":[{"id":"o18pn","oiea":"o8p18f","blanco":[8,18],"proyectil":"p","salen":["n"],"producto":[9,18],"categoria":"pet","comercial":"rutina","formaOIEA":"gas","formaHabitual":"agua","enriquecimiento":0.97,"cita":"oiea-medico"},{"id":"n14pa","oiea":"n4p11c","blanco":[7,14],"proyectil":"p","salen":["a"],"producto":[6,11],"categoria":"pet","comercial":"centros","formaOIEA":"gas","formaHabitual":"gas","enriquecimiento":null,"cita":"oiea-medico"},{"id":"o16pa","oiea":"o6p13n","blanco":[8,16],"proyectil":"p","salen":["a"],"producto":[7,13],"categoria":"pet","comercial":"centros","formaOIEA":"gas","formaHabitual":"agua","enriquecimiento":null,"cita":"oiea-medico"},{"id":"n15pn","oiea":"n5p15o","blanco":[7,15],"proyectil":"p","salen":["n"],"producto":[8,15],"categoria":"pet","comercial":"centros","formaOIEA":"gas","formaHabitual":"gas","enriquecimiento":0.98,"cita":"oiea-medico"},{"id":"n14dn","oiea":"n4d15o","blanco":[7,14],"proyectil":"d","salen":["n"],"producto":[8,15],"categoria":"pet","comercial":"centros","formaOIEA":"gas","formaHabitual":"gas","enriquecimiento":null,"cita":"oiea-medico"},{"id":"ne20da","oiea":"ned18f","blanco":[10,20],"natural":10,"proyectil":"d","salen":["a"],"producto":[9,18],"categoria":"pet","comercial":"centros","formaOIEA":"gas","formaHabitual":"gas","enriquecimiento":null,"cita":"oiea-medico"},{"id":"zn68pn","oiea":"znp68ga","blanco":[30,68],"proyectil":"p","salen":["n"],"producto":[31,68],"categoria":"pet","comercial":"centros","formaOIEA":"elemento","formaHabitual":"elemento","enriquecimiento":0.99,"cita":"oiea-medico"},{"id":"ni64pn","oiea":"nip64cu","blanco":[28,64],"proyectil":"p","salen":["n"],"producto":[29,64],"categoria":"pet","comercial":"centros","formaOIEA":"elemento","formaHabitual":"elemento","enriquecimiento":0.95,"cita":"oiea-medico"},{"id":"ni64d2n","oiea":"nid64cu","blanco":[28,64],"proyectil":"d","salen":["n","n"],"producto":[29,64],"categoria":"pet","comercial":"investigacion","formaOIEA":"elemento","formaHabitual":"elemento","enriquecimiento":0.95,"cita":"oiea-medico"},{"id":"y89pn","oiea":"y9p89zr","blanco":[39,89],"proyectil":"p","salen":["n"],"producto":[40,89],"categoria":"pet","comercial":"centros","formaOIEA":"elemento","formaHabitual":"elemento","enriquecimiento":null,"cita":"oiea-medico"},{"id":"y89d2n","oiea":"y9d89zr","blanco":[39,89],"proyectil":"d","salen":["n","n"],"producto":[40,89],"categoria":"pet","comercial":"investigacion","formaOIEA":"elemento","formaHabitual":"elemento","enriquecimiento":null,"cita":"oiea-medico"},{"id":"ca44pn","oiea":"cap44sc","blanco":[20,44],"proyectil":"p","salen":["n"],"producto":[21,44],"categoria":"pet","comercial":"investigacion","formaOIEA":"elemento","formaHabitual":"carbonato","enriquecimiento":0.97,"cita":"oiea-medico"},{"id":"te124pn","oiea":"te24p4i","blanco":[52,124],"proyectil":"p","salen":["n"],"producto":[53,124],"categoria":"pet","comercial":"centros","formaOIEA":"elemento","formaHabitual":"oxido2","enriquecimiento":0.99,"cita":"oiea-medico"},{"id":"sr86pn","oiea":"sr6p86y","blanco":[38,86],"proyectil":"p","salen":["n"],"producto":[39,86],"categoria":"pet","comercial":"investigacion","formaOIEA":"elemento","formaHabitual":"carbonato","enriquecimiento":0.96,"cita":"oiea-medico"},{"id":"ga69p2n","oiea":"ga9p8ge","blanco":[31,69],"proyectil":"p","salen":["n","n"],"producto":[32,68],"categoria":"generador","comercial":"especializado","formaOIEA":"elemento","formaHabitual":"elemento","enriquecimiento":null,"blancoNatural":true,"cita":"oiea-medico"},{"id":"rb85p4n","oiea":"rb5p2sr","blanco":[37,85],"proyectil":"p","salen":["n","n","n","n"],"producto":[38,82],"categoria":"generador","comercial":"especializado","formaOIEA":"elemento","formaHabitual":"cloruro1","enriquecimiento":null,"blancoNatural":true,"cita":"oiea-medico"},{"id":"te124p2n","oiea":"te4p23i","blanco":[52,124],"proyectil":"p","salen":["n","n"],"producto":[53,123],"categoria":"spect","comercial":"rutina","formaOIEA":"elemento","formaHabitual":"oxido2","enriquecimiento":0.99,"cita":"oiea-medico"},{"id":"te123pn","oiea":"te3p23i","blanco":[52,123],"proyectil":"p","salen":["n"],"producto":[53,123],"categoria":"spect","comercial":"centros","formaOIEA":"elemento","formaHabitual":"oxido2","enriquecimiento":0.9,"cita":"oiea-medico"},{"id":"cd111pn","oiea":"cd1p1in","blanco":[48,111],"proyectil":"p","salen":["n"],"producto":[49,111],"categoria":"spect","comercial":"rutina","formaOIEA":"elemento","formaHabitual":"elemento","enriquecimiento":0.96,"cita":"oiea-medico"},{"id":"zn68p2n","oiea":"zn8p7ga","blanco":[30,68],"proyectil":"p","salen":["n","n"],"producto":[31,67],"categoria":"spect","comercial":"rutina","formaOIEA":"elemento","formaHabitual":"elemento","enriquecimiento":0.99,"cita":"oiea-medico"},{"id":"tl203p3n","oiea":"tlp01pb","blanco":[81,203],"proyectil":"p","salen":["n","n","n"],"producto":[82,201],"categoria":"spect","comercial":"rutina","formaOIEA":"elemento","formaHabitual":"elemento","enriquecimiento":0.97,"cita":"oiea-medico","hij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de la historia o de la bibliografía SIN curva σ(E) cargada aquí (nivel B): se enseñan el balance, el Q y el umbral, pero no se calcula cuánto producto sale.","reportadas":[{"id":"n14ap","blanco":[7,14],"proyectil":"a","salen":["p"],"producto":[8,17],"cita":"rutherford-1919","historia":"rutherford"},{"id":"li7pa","blanco":[3,7],"proyectil":"p","salen":["a"],"producto":[2,4],"cita":"cockcroft-1932","historia":"cockcroft"},{"id":"al27an","blanco":[13,27],"proyectil":"a","salen":["n"],"producto":[15,30],"cita":"joliot-1934","historia":"joliot"},{"id":"mo96dn","blanco":[42,96],"proyectil":"d","salen":["n"],"producto":[43,97],"cita":"segre-1937","historia":"segre"}],"_notaReportadasQuitadas":"1.8 beta (revisión física): ¹⁹⁸Pt(p,2n)¹⁹⁷Au y ¹⁹⁶Pt(d,n)¹⁹⁷Au estaban como «reportadas» (B) sin ninguna cita. Sin un documento no se puede decir «reacción documentada»: quedan en C, con la nota del producto estable (por qué casi no hay medidas). El canal (p,2n) existe por encima de 7,66 MeV y se dice en los textos del oro.","_notaRadionuclidos":"Lo que importa del producto: periodo (s), ramas y fotones principales, tal como los da la página «Nuclear data» de cada reacción en la base médica del OIEA (con ramas de NuDat 3 donde esa página no las desglosa). «Ex» es la energía del estado isomérico sobre el fundamental (MeV), que se resta del Q. «hijas»: a qué se desintegra y con qué fracción, para la cadena (Bateman).","radionuclidos":{"F-18":{"Z":9,"A":18,"T":6586.2,"ramas":[["b+",96.86],["ec",3.14]],"gammas":[[511,193.7]],"hijas":[["O-18",1]],"cita":"oiea-medico"},"C-11":{"Z":6,"A":11,"T":1221.6,"ramas":[["b+",99.77],["ec",0.23]],"gammas":[[511,199.5]],"hijas":[["B-11",1]],"cita":"oiea-medico"},"N-13":{"Z":7,"A":13,"T":597.9,"ramas":[["b+",99.8]],"gammas":[[511,199.6]],"hijas":[["C-13",1]],"cita":"oiea-medico"},"O-15":{"Z":8,"A":15,"T":122.22,"ramas":[["b+",99.9]],"gammas":[[511,199.8]],"hijas":[["N-15",1]],"cita":"oiea-medico"},"Ga-68":{"Z":31,"A":68,"T":4062.6,"ramas":[["b+",88.91],["ec",11.09]],"gammas":[[511,177.8],[1077.3,3.22]],"hijas":[["Zn-68",1]],"cita":"oiea-medico"},"Cu-64":{"Z":29,"A":64,"T":45723.6,"ramas":[["ec",43.9],["b+",17.6],["b-",38.5]],"_notaRamas":"1.8 beta: la rama β⁺ (17,6 %) va aparte de la captura electrónica (43,9 %), como en NuDat; antes iba sumada en «captura electrónica 61,5 %» aunque la ficha ya daba los 511 keV (35,2 % = 2 × 17,6).","gammas":[[511,35.2],[1345.8,0.475]],"hijas":[["Ni-64",0.615],["Zn-64",0.385]],"cita":"oiea-medico"},"Zr-89":{"Z":40,"A":89,"T":282312,"ramas":[["ec",77.26],["b+",22.74]],"gammas":[[511,45.5],[909.2,99.04]],"hijas":[["Y-89",1]],"cita":"oiea-medico"},"Sc-44":{"Z":21,"A":44,"T":14292,"ramas":[["b+",94.27],["ec",5.63]],"gammas":[[511,188.5],[1157.0,99.9]],"hijas":[["Ca-44",1]],"cita":"oiea-medico"},"I-124":{"Z":53,"A":124,"T":360806,"ramas":[["ec",77.3],["b+",22.7]],"gammas":[[602.7,61],[511,45.4],[1691.0,10.4]],"hijas":[["Te-124",1]],"cita":"oiea-medico","_notaRamas":"1.8 beta: el ¹²⁴I es «el yodo que se ve en PET» por su rama β⁺ del 22,7 % (NuDat/ENSDF), con 511 keV al 45,4 % (dos fotones por positrón). 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3,81.4,8.6],[7.8,261.7,20],[10.1,616.5,39],[11,684,69.3],[11.9,612.7,62.1],[13.6,337.7,30.7],[14.3,254.2,22.2],[15,200.1,17.5],[15.7,165.3,14.5],[17.9,107.6,9.68],[20.4,78.2,7.16],[23.6,60.4,5.44],[27.8,49.2,null],[41.8,37.9,null]],"rendimiento":[[3,0.00000109],[4.1,0.000229],[4.8,0.00126],[5.3,0.00379],[5.5,0.00572],[5.7,0.00848],[5.9,0.0124],[6.2,0.0212],[6.4,0.0295],[6.7,0.0465],[7,0.0695],[7.2,0.0883],[7.5,0.122],[7.8,0.163],[8,0.194],[8.3,0.249],[8.6,0.312],[9,0.412],[9.5,0.565],[10.1,0.791],[10.8,1.1],[11.6,1.49],[12.2,1.76],[12.9,2.03],[14.2,2.39],[16,2.7],[19.2,3.06],[25.4,3.54]]},"alp22na":{"titulo":"27Al(p,x)22Na","sigma":[[24.7,0.004,0.0001],[27.9,0.52,0.085],[29.1,1.16,0.18],[30,2.08,0.32],[31.3,4.8,0.74],[32.3,8.24,1.21],[38.7,33.73,1.54],[40.7,39.9,1.83],[42.7,43.14,1.95],[46.3,42.23,1.81],[54.6,31.32,1.34],[59.4,26.83,1.15],[68.2,22.34,0.95],[78.2,20.51,0.87],[100,19.29,0.86]],"rendimiento":[[24.7,9.83E-08],[27.2,0.0000821],[28.9,0.000394],[30.2,0.00104],[31.3,0.00226],[31.9,0.00338],[32.6,0.00524],[33.4,0.00819],[34.3,0.0126],[34.9,0.0162],[35.6,0.0211],[36.3,0.0268],[37.3,0.0363],[38.5,0.0499],[40,0.0702],[42.2,0.105],[47.2,0.196],[52.1,0.28],[58.6,0.378],[80.5,0.667],[100,0.944]]},"alp24na":{"titulo":"27Al(p,x)24Na","sigma":[[24,0.05,0.002],[31.6,0.26,0.08],[37,0.81,0.22],[39.8,1.37,0.37],[42.6,2.21,0.5],[45.6,3.47,0.23],[54.5,8.44,0.6],[60.4,10.68,0.48],[69.7,11.61,0.52],[100,11.1,0.36]],"rendimiento":[[24,0.00195],[28.9,0.184],[32.1,0.501],[34.9,1.07],[36.3,1.53],[37.8,2.21],[39.5,3.29],[41.2,4.81],[42.9,6.91],[44.8,10.1],[45.9,12.5],[47.1,15.6],[48.9,21.4],[51,30],[53.3,41.9],[55.3,54.4],[57.7,71.8],[61.1,100],[66.9,156],[76.5,261],[84.9,361],[100,559]]},"cup65zn":{"titulo":"natCu(p,x)65Zn","sigma":[[2.2,0.16,0.01],[2.8,4.87,0.29],[3.4,14.65,0.87],[3.8,24.35,1.44],[4.3,40.27,2.39],[6.2,124.7,6.61],[9.7,214.6,8.84],[10.7,227.8,9.39],[11.8,208.4,8.55],[14.6,97.23,4.05],[16,61.46,2.57],[17.3,41.02,1.71],[18.6,28.58,1.19],[20,20.68,0.87],[21.5,15.86,0.67],[25.7,10.51,0.45],[50.8,4.73,0.21],[100,2.2,0.1]],"rendimiento":[[2.2,0.00000148],[2.7,0.000107],[3.1,0.000411],[3.5,0.00107],[3.9,0.00225],[4.2,0.00362],[4.5,0.00551],[4.8,0.00804],[5,0.0101],[5.2,0.0126],[5.4,0.0154],[5.7,0.0205],[6,0.0264],[6.6,0.0407],[7.4,0.064],[8.2,0.0921],[9,0.126],[10,0.178],[12.3,0.317],[13.1,0.359],[14.2,0.405],[15.4,0.442],[17.2,0.479],[20,0.512],[22.7,0.532],[50.2,0.664],[100,0.851]]},"tip48v":{"titulo":"natTi(p,x)48V","sigma":[[3.8,0.18,0.007],[4.7,3.1,0.12],[5,8.3,8.3],[5.1,14.1,14.1],[5.3,34.53,34.5],[5.9,139.2,139],[6.3,189.2,9.64],[9,342.5,15.2],[10.1,378.2,15.9],[11.3,388.9,16.3],[12.8,375,15.2],[13.9,340.7,13.8],[16.8,173.8,7.08],[18.3,117.9,4.93],[19.5,92,3.85],[21,72.32,3.01],[24.9,47.25,1.97],[30.2,33.71,1.4],[46.6,19.02,0.82],[56.5,14.11,0.62],[100,6.83,0.5]],"rendimiento":[[3.8,0.0000439],[5,0.00881],[5.2,0.0201],[5.4,0.0469],[5.6,0.0964],[5.8,0.171],[6.1,0.329],[6.5,0.602],[7,1.01],[7.4,1.4],[7.9,1.96],[8.6,2.9],[9.2,3.84],[10.4,6.04],[11.3,7.89],[14.1,14.1],[16,17.6],[17.1,19.1],[20.3,21.9],[25.8,24.9],[30.1,26.7],[42,31.2],[51.6,34.2],[70.5,39],[100,45.3]]},"mod99tc":{"titulo":"100Mo(d,3n)99mTc","sigma":[[12.2,3.2,0.5],[13.9,47.2,7.5],[15.2,86.7,9.7],[18.9,213.6,22.1],[20.4,250,23.2],[21.8,263.3,22.4],[24.1,243.1,17],[29.5,138.5,8.4],[32.6,97,5.8],[35.4,71.8,4.4],[38.2,54.4,3.3],[44.2,32.3,2.1],[51,19.6,1.8]],"rendimiento":[[12.2,0.0423],[12.6,0.538],[13,1.59],[13.5,3.75],[14,6.95],[14.3,9.41],[14.6,12.3],[15,16.9],[15.5,23.8],[15.8,28.7],[16.4,40.1],[16.7,46.7],[17.3,61.8],[17.9,79.4],[18.9,114],[20.1,165],[21.7,244],[24,366],[27.2,517],[30.3,630],[34.6,743],[41.3,855],[51,947]]},"nid64cu":{"titulo":"64Ni(d,2n)64Cu","sigma":[[5,5.21,0.498],[6.1,125.3,12],[9.1,601.7,47.7],[10.6,755.9,57.2],[13.8,941.6,65.8],[15,966.5,67.6],[16.1,925.7,62.9],[19.8,541.8,34.1],[21.5,411.7,26.1],[23.2,324.5,20.7],[25,262.8,16.8]],"rendimiento":[[5,0.0243],[5.3,0.383],[5.7,1.6],[6.1,3.84],[6.3,5.41],[6.6,8.43],[6.8,10.9],[7.1,15.5],[7.5,23.2],[7.9,32.9],[8.2,41.5],[8.5,51.4],[8.9,66.3],[9.4,87.8],[10.2,128],[11.4,201],[12.2,257],[13.2,335],[14.3,431],[16.8,670],[18.5,815],[21.5,1010],[25,1160]]},"y9d89zr":{"titulo":"89Y(d,2n)89Zr","sigma":[[5.1,0.01,0.01],[6.5,4.4,3.3],[7.4,27,18.3],[7.8,53.1,35.9],[8.2,97.6,56.2],[8.6,160.5,92.4],[9.8,401.5,141],[10.4,495,77.2],[11.2,573.4,62.8],[14.9,834.4,75.6],[17.1,923.3,88.6],[19.2,855.1,92],[23.3,546.3,63.3],[25.3,428.7,51.8],[28.4,306.2,39.5],[32.2,218.5,28.8],[36.3,164,21.7],[40.9,127.4,17.2],[46.3,101.1,15.1],[60,67.9,12]],"rendimiento":[[5.1,0.0000052],[6.5,0.011],[7.2,0.07],[7.7,0.197],[8.2,0.495],[8.4,0.692],[8.7,1.1],[9,1.66],[9.4,2.68],[9.7,3.66],[10.1,5.24],[10.6,7.6],[11.3,11.4],[12,15.8],[12.6,20],[13.6,27.9],[14.3,34.2],[15.2,43.2],[17,64],[20,102],[23.8,141],[27.6,169],[33.4,199],[44,236],[60,276]]},"tlp00pb":{"titulo":"203Tl(p,4n)200Pb","sigma":[[27.2,6.3,1.7],[28.2,12,2],[29.2,50.7,4],[29.8,95.1,7.2],[30.4,157.3,12.1],[31.1,251.1,18.9],[34,707,43],[35.4,844.2,64.7],[37.3,922.5,109]],"rendimiento":[[27.2,0.0415],[27.8,0.269],[28.2,0.524],[28.6,1.01],[28.8,1.4],[29,1.9],[29.2,2.55],[29.5,3.85],[29.8,5.63],[30.1,7.97],[30.3,9.9],[30.6,13.4],[30.8,16.2],[31,19.4],[31.3,25],[31.5,29.3],[31.8,36.7],[32.1,45.2],[32.5,58.4],[33.1,82.2],[33.4,95.8],[34,126],[35,185],[35.7,231],[37.3,346]]},"tlp02pb":{"titulo":"203Tl(p,2n)202mPb","sigma":[[13,0.5,0.3],[14.3,5.4,2.8],[15.7,13.9,6.7],[16.4,20,8.7],[17.2,29.1,11.3],[18,40.9,14.8],[20.1,80,24.9],[21.2,92.1,22.7],[21.9,91.6,22.6],[22.5,86.5,16.8],[25.5,44.5,7.8],[27.1,29.4,7.6],[28.4,21.1,7.7],[29.9,14.5,7.4]],"rendimiento":[[13,0.0111],[13.4,0.136],[13.8,0.4],[14,0.59],[14.3,0.96],[14.6,1.44],[14.8,1.84],[15,2.29],[15.4,3.42],[15.8,4.86],[16.3,7.2],[16.6,8.95],[17,11.7],[17.4,15.1],[17.7,18.1],[18.2,24.1],[18.6,29.9],[19.1,38.5],[19.5,46.7],[20,58.5],[20.6,74.9],[22.7,139],[23.5,160],[24.8,188],[26.4,214],[28.4,236],[29.9,246]]},"c0p11c25":{"titulo":"natC(p,x)11C","sigma":[[17.5,0.01,1E-07],[18.2,0.736,0.00000736],[18.8,3.29,0.0000329],[19.2,6.42,0.49],[22.7,47.3,2.62],[25.2,65.5,3.36],[28.5,78.5,3.58],[36.6,90.2,3.93],[47.9,92,3.92],[100,68.4,2.87]],"rendimiento":[[17.5,0.0243],[18.9,48.3],[19.8,259],[20.8,804],[21.3,1210],[21.9,1830],[22.6,2720],[23.8,4630],[25,6960],[27,11600],[30,20100],[31.9,26300],[35.4,39100],[40.3,59400],[44.3,77800],[50.4,108000],[64,185000],[77.2,267000],[100,417000]]}},"frenado":{"_nota":"S: potencia de frenado TOTAL (electrónica + nuclear) en MeV cm²/g; R: alcance CSDA en g/cm²; E: energía cinética del ion en MeV (para las alfas, la energía total del ion, no por nucleón). Deuterones: S_d(E) = S_p(E/2) y R_d(E) = 2·R_p(E/2), misma velocidad y misma 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